Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the 15 newly independent states have taken divergent paths, while Russia has attempted to restore its dominance over its former empire. This course examines the different paths taken by the former Soviet states and the historical and cultural forces that have driven the transitions, with a specific focus on Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, and the South Caucasus. Offered as POLS 4361 and RUSS 4361; credit will be given in only one department. Taught in English. For Russian language credit, some research will be done in Russian. Prerequisite: POLS 2311 and POLS 2312.