University Catalog

Public Affairs and Planning

Department Overview

The Department of Public Affairs and Planning (PAPL) offers interdisciplinary programs that prepare students for leadership roles in urban planning, public administration, and public policy. These programs emphasize real-world problem-solving, community engagement, and sustainable development. These programs have a long history, diverse faculty and students, and a dense network of prominent alumni in practice, academia, and research in Texas, the U.S., and around the world.

MISSION

The mission of the Department of Public Affairs and Planning (PAPL) is to provide a stimulating and inclusive environment that fosters intellectual curiosity and rigorous inquiry aimed at strengthening public affairs and urban planning practice. The department prepares students to be leaders in the creation of environmentally and economically sustainable, healthy, and engaged communities.  

ACCREDITATION

The Master of Public Administration (MPA) program is accredited by The Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA), the international accreditation body for the MPA.

The Master of City and Regional Planning (MCRP) is accredited by the Planning Accreditation Board (PAB).

Graduate Programs

Undergraduate Programs

Contact Information

Department of Public Affairs and Planning Website

Phone: (817) 272-2801

Address: CAPPA 314

Courses

PAPP 4307. URBAN GEOGRAPHY. 3 Hours.

Emphasizes real aspects associated with urban physical environments and social, behavioral and financial processes that shape these environments.

PAPP 5160. URBAN MANAGEMENT/PLANNING INTERNSHIP. 1 Hour.

Intended to enhance readiness for professional work through exposure to planning practice in a one semester log internship (100 hrs in the spring or fall semester or 75 hrs in the summer). Integrates work experience and coursework through journaling and reflective practice. Requirements: (1)student secures an internship from a planning related employer and approval from the student's major professor prior to enrolling in the course;(2)the intern must provide performance evaluation by the job supervisor and the intern's evaluation of the internship experience. Enrollment open to students with no previous formal planning experience. Credit not available for previous internship or planning experience. P/F grade.

PAPP 5191. CONFERENCE COURSE IN URBAN AFFAIRS. 1 Hour.

Reading and research in a specialized area of urban affairs under the direction of a member of the graduate faculty.

PAPP 5302. FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

An introduction to research methodologies, both quantitative and qualitative, and statistical techniques useful in the analysis of urban trends and administrative programs.

PAPP 5305. THEORIES OF URBAN SOCIETY. 3 Hours.

Several theoretical perspectives of the community and community organization examined. Special emphasis given to theories from human ecology, organization and stratification, and social welfare.

PAPP 5306. THE URBAN ECONOMY. 3 Hours.

Internal dynamics of the growth and development of the urban system and its relation to the national economy. National and urban economic policy, urban growth and land use, market imperfections, urban financial issues, and the environmental implications of urban growth studied through lecture, game simulation and policy debates.

PAPP 5307. URBAN GEOGRAPHY. 3 Hours.

Emphasizes real aspects associated with urban physical environments and social, behavioral and financial processes that shape these environments.

PAPP 5309. LOCAL POLITICS IN THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL SETTING. 3 Hours.

Critical analysis of the implications of federalism, and the changing nature of intergovernmental relations on state and local management, administration, planning, and policy making.

PAPP 5311. PUBLIC POLICY FORMATION AND ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

The course covers the policy process, policy formulation and provides an introduction to the tools and techniques of policy analysis, using multiple theoretical and analytical perspectives. The primary focus is on U.S. policy, with an emphasis on state and local policy issues. The course aims to provide students with a foundation in the theory, process, and tools of policy analysis, so that they are able to think critically about applied public policy problems and the role of policy analysts. Students will also gain practical skills in the development and presentation of policy analysis and recommendations.

PAPP 5312. ECONOMIC POLICY. 3 Hours.

Examines structure of the U.S. economic system and its impact on welfare of consumers, workers, and industry; public policy efforts to provide for management of critical economic variables are evaluated for effectiveness and equity as they impact different interest groups.

PAPP 5313. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. 3 Hours.

Focuses on current problems of community development and neighborhood revitalization. Housing, community assets, the roles of community development corporations and social capital in cities, and community economic development will be analyzed. Federal, state, and local policies, with grassroots initiatives evaluated for effectiveness on promoting alternatives for community building and organizing. Also offered as PLAN 5324; credit will be granted only once.

PAPP 5320. PUBLIC AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION THEORY. 3 Hours.

Historical evolution of administrative theory including classical, sociological and social-psychological dimensions; decision-making theory; implications of public interest theory for public and non-profit management; basic concepts of organization development and impact on public administration paradigms; new public administration; and future of public and nonprofit urban organization. Also offered as CRCJ 5309 and POLS 5303; credit will be granted only once.

PAPP 5321. URBAN MANAGEMENT. 3 Hours.

Focuses through lectures, readings, and exercises on major administrative process: personnel and policy development and analysis; management styles and key contemporary management problems explored through presentations by prominent local practitioners.

PAPP 5324. URBAN PUBLIC FINANCE. 3 Hours.

Local urban governments increasingly rely less and less on support from the state and federal governments. Many local governments rely heavily on a limited number of taxes and fees to finance services. This course explores the variety of revenue sources and fiscal problems of cities and local governments in metropolitan areas. This includes the topics of tax burden and tax equity. The second half of the course focuses on the unique challenges of financing the diversity of activities that cities in particular support, e.g. housing, transportation, economic and community development and human services. Offered as PAPP 5324 and PLAN 5329; credit will be granted only once.

PAPP 5325. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. 3 Hours.

Examines scope and role of administrative regulation of and by governmental agencies; explores constitutional principles which limit administrative power and administrative law which governs classical areas of conflict between administrative agencies and their constituencies; rule-making, judicial review and informal regulatory processes of importance to public officials.

PAPP 5326. PUBLIC BUDGETING. 3 Hours.

This course introduces students to the principles and practices used by federal, state, and local governments to acquire and spend revenues within the context of American democracy, capitalism, federalism, and economics. The primary objective of this course is to provide students with the practical skills and theoretical knowledge to enable them to be effective participants in the budgeting process and critical consumers and producers of research relevant to public budgeting. Offered as PLAN 5328 and PAPP 5326. Credit will be granted only once.

PAPP 5329. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN THE PUBLIC AND NON-PROFIT SERVICES. 3 Hours.

Overview of the principles of finance as they apply to the public and non-profit services, financial reporting for state and local governments and non-profit organizations and evaluation.

PAPP 5331. LAND USE PLANNING AND THE LAW. 3 Hours.

Explores the law of land use in the context of the American legal, economic, and political systems. Examines leading court decisions and precedents for their background, content, and applicability to contemporary land use. Offered as PLAN 5316 and PAPP 5331; credit will be granted only once.

PAPP 5332. PUBLIC CAPITAL BUDGETING. 3 Hours.

Examines governmental capital budgeting processes with a focus on understanding the significance of capital improvement planning, public facility investment, and project evaluation to sound infrastructure financing and regional economic growth. Governments purchase or construct long-lasting physical assets or facilities financed mostly through borrowing. This course aims to understand the rationale for public capital budgeting and debt instruments used to finance capital investment in the political context of public budgeting in America.

PAPP 5333. GOVERNMENTAL AND NONPROFIT ACCOUNTING. 3 Hours.

This course is designed as an introduction to governmental and nonprofit accounting. The course reviews major fund accounting principles, accounting for budgetary, revenue, and expenditure funds, accounting for general capital assets and long-term liabilities, accounting for fiduciary and proprietary funds, auditing practices, and financial reporting unique to government and non-profit organizations.

PAPP 5334. MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT. 3 Hours.

This course focuses on the knowledge, organization, politics, issues, techniques and processes of local economic development. Emphasis is placed on contemporary issues and trends in the rich, dynamic laboratory of local economic development in Texas. Learning objectives include: 1) comprehension of basic techniques and issues such as strategic planning, leadership strategies, financial options and evaluation; 2) increased knowledge of the positive potential of thoughtful economic development for local environmental, infrastructure, and revenue challenges; and 3) enhanced professional development through individual and classroom exposure to successful practitioners.

PAPP 5341. PROFESSIONAL REPORT WRITING. 3 Hours.

The course aims to build professional writing skills. It reviews memo and report writing including grammatical construction, identifying and writing for a targeted audience, and writing in a clear, concise, and professional style. Also offered as PLAN 5335; credit will be granted for only one.

PAPP 5342. INTERMEDIATE DATA ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

An intermediate level examination of statistical and research techniques appropriate to urban and social analysis. Presuming a basic understanding of descriptive and inferential statistics, the course covers multivariate regression, including error analysis and non-linear models, path analysis, ANOVA, logit and probit models, and techniques for data reduction (e.g., factor analysis). Offered as PAPP 5342 and PLAN 5317; credit will be granted only once. Prerequisite: PAPP 5302.

PAPP 5344. QUALITATIVE METHODS. 3 Hours.

The study of qualitative research and analysis methods. Offered as PLAN 5346 and PAPP 5344; credit will be given only once.

PAPP 5345. EVALUATION RESEARCH. 3 Hours.

Methodological issues in evaluating public programs; identification of variables, indicators and analyses formats presented. Prerequisite: PAPP 5302.

PAPP 5348. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

Reviews theory of cost-benefit and cost-effective analyses; explores the research, measurement and methodological requirements for the assessments of costs and benefits. It is recommended that students have completed at least one graduate course in research and one graduate class in public finance.

PAPP 5350. INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. 3 Hours.

This is a graduate level introductory course designed to give students an understanding of public administration as a field of academic inquiry and professional practice within the context of American federalism, democratic values, institutional dynamics, and bureaucratic politics. In addition to contextually defining public administration, the course addresses government reform, intergovernmental relations, public ethics, organizational dynamics and behavior, personnel issues, budgeting, and e-governance.

PAPP 5351. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN GOVERNMENT AND NON-PROFITS. 3 Hours.

The purpose of this course is to familiarize students with key functions of government and non-profit personnel systems, discuss various theoretical approaches and techniques, and understand the major legal requirements of public and non-profit personnel management. The course examines the structure, role, and evolution of the Civil Service, current personnel policies, and personnel management tasks such as examination, recruitment, position classification, and collective bargaining.

PAPP 5352. CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT. 3 Hours.

Labor management at all levels of government and non-profits, ability to work together to solve problems. Emphasis on collective and interest based bargaining, mediation, labor management partnership. Simulation exercises teach dynamics of bargaining, negotiation, problem solving, and small group dynamics.

PAPP 5354. NONPROFIT MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP. 3 Hours.

This course prepares students to be entrepreneurs, innovators and change leaders by using social entrepreneurship perspective to examine leadership and management practices of nonprofit organizations. Through hands-on experiential training, developing skills in needs assessment, and formulating interventions for social change, students develop a blueprint of a nonprofit organization that takes an innovative approach for sustainable solutions of social problems.

PAPP 5355. NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN PUBLIC POLICY. 3 Hours.

This course examines non-profits as community institutions with an outward focus: the political, economic, and inter-organizational environment, fund-raising and financial management, community relations and needs assessment, the role of the volunteers, boards and community leaders, marketing, and legal and government issues.

PAPP 5358. ETHICS IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE. 3 Hours.

This course examines public service theoretical ethics literature to provide a basis for each student to both reflect upon and expand their comprehension of the values and processes of ethical decision making. Beyond theoretical works, it addresses the application and evaluation of theory against the professional, workaday reality of case studies, ethical codes and other relevant materials. Three major learning objectives are: 1) achievement of a solid understanding of the dominant theoretical perspectives in the public service ethics literature; 2) competency in the development of guidelines and procedures that encourage ethical behavior, and 3) enhancement of the reach and resiliency of each member's personal commitment to public service ethics.

PAPP 5360. PUBLIC AND NON-PROFIT MANAGEMENT INTERNSHIP. 3 Hours.

Designed to integrate work experience and coursework through a series of brief work-related assignments; presentations by local planning and management practitioners and class discussions and exercises. Enrollment is open to both pre-entry and in-career students. Formal internship placements with agency mentors will be arranged. P/F only.

PAPP 5364. URBAN POLITICAL ECONOMY. 3 Hours.

Examines the theoretical bases of economic paradigms and the different economic policies that logically flow from them. Comparison is made between the orthodox, or neoclassical, model of economics and alternative heterodox models, including comparing the growth and development of the urban system, land use patterns, and economic policy debates. Consideration will be given to how and why the neoclassical model remains the dominant model for economic policy in Western, capitalist countries.

PAPP 5367. STRATEGIC PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. 3 Hours.

This course is designed to acquaint students with the theory and practice of strategically developing, utilizing, and aligning human resources so that maximum contribution from each member of an organization is used toward the attainment of strategic long-range goals and objectives. Topics include HR strategy, diversity, leadership, selection, training and development, compensation, classification, performance appraisal, and future practices for public and non-profit organizations.

PAPP 5368. PRACTICAL EMPLOYMENT FOR PUBLIC AND NONPROFIT MANAGERS. 3 Hours.

The course examines the rights and obligations of employers and employees. It does this by examining the legal background pertinent to public and nonprofit management. Topics addressed include employee selection, promotion and discipline, anti-discrimination legislation, gender and family issues legislation, environmental, safety and health issues, whistleblower legislation, immigration law, worker's compensation, labor law, and drug and alcohol issues.

PAPP 5390. TOPICS IN URBAN THEORY. 3 Hours.

Different topics explored on an intensive basis, especially recent theoretical approaches. May be repeated for credit as topic changes.

PAPP 5391. TOPICS IN URBAN POLICY. 3 Hours.

Different topics and approaches in analysis of urban problems. May be repeated for credit as topic changes.

PAPP 5392. TOPICS IN URBAN MANAGEMENT. 3 Hours.

Selected topics on current management problems including small city management, community-neighborhood relations, citizen involvement programs and techniques, personal and professional effectiveness as a total person, intergovernmental strategies and styles, public-private sector collaboration and co-planning, privatization, and other alternatives to economic service delivery. May be repeated as topic changes.

PAPP 5394. SPECIAL TOPICS IN URBAN RESEARCH. 3 Hours.

Different topics each semester concentrate on a variety of methodological techniques and research strategies, such as demographic research and survey techniques. May be repeated for credit as topic changes.

PAPP 5395. CONFERENCE COURSE IN URBAN AFFAIRS. 3 Hours.

Reading and research in a specialized area of urban affairs under the direction of a member of the graduate faculty.

PAPP 5396. PROJECT REPORT. 3 Hours.

Student prepares report focusing on specific policy or professional issue, utilizing appropriate research techniques; subject area and design of project report with consent of instructor. Graded P/F/R only.

PAPP 5398. THESIS. 3 Hours.

A thesis conforming to University and departmental requirements may be prepared by graduate students in urban affairs. Graded F, R.

PAPP 5399. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION CAPSTONE. 3 Hours.

This integrative applied research course assesses the student's ability to analyze, synthesize, and formulate cogent recommendations to solve a real public sector problem. Students will write the capstone paper using concepts drawn from the MPA core curriculum, their chosen emphasis track, and the student's professional public work experience. Students are required to successfully defend their capstone paper before a Public Administration Forum consisting of CAPPA faculty, students, and other interested parties. Prerequisite: Completion of all other course work required for the MPA degree, including core courses and emphasis area courses, unless an exception is approved by the MPA advisor.

PAPP 5698. THESIS. 6 Hours.

A thesis conforming to University and departmental requirements may be prepared by graduate students in urban affairs. Graded P/F/R.

PAPP 6301. RESEARCH FOUNDATIONS AND PH.D. WORKSHOP. 3 Hours.

Explores the development and function of theoretical models and frameworks. Examines the major theories from the social sciences designed for framing urban planning or administration issues and public policy. Designed to assist doctoral students in preparing their dissertation research. Opportunities to present work in progress, share ideas, and interact with faculty. Also offered as PLAN 6301; credit will be granted only once. Prerequisite: PLAN 5346; and PLAN 5317 or PAPP 5342.

PAPP 6305. ADVANCED THEORIES OF URBAN SOCIETY. 3 Hours.

Advanced theoretical perspectives of the community and community organization are examined. Special emphasis given to theories from human ecology, organization and stratification, and social welfare.

PAPP 6306. THE URBAN ECONOMY. 3 Hours.

Study of theories that explain the structure, growth and change of urban economies.

PAPP 6307. URBAN GEOGRAPHY. 3 Hours.

Emphasizes real aspects associated with urban physical environments and social, behavioral, and financial processes that shape these environments.

PAPP 6309. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN THE ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY. 3 Hours.

The course explores the constitutional, political and fiscal relationships among the federal, state and local levels of government. How the relationships impact the administration of urban public policy is of primary focus.

PAPP 6311. ADVANCED PUBLIC POLICY FORMATION AND ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

The course covers policy process, policy formulation and policy analysis, using multiple theoretical and analytical perspectives. The primary focus is on U.S. policy, with an emphasis on state and local policy issues. The course aims to provide students with advanced knowledge in the theory, process, and tools of policy analysis essential in critiquing and researching public policy. Students will also gain advanced skills in the development and presentation of policy analysis and recommendations.

PAPP 6314. SEMINAR IN POLICY PROCESSES. 3 Hours.

The course focuses on the political, economic, and sociological institutions in the policy process, including various theoretical approaches, and application of these multidisciplinary perspectives in the analysis of specific policy issues.

PAPP 6315. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION THEORY. 3 Hours.

This course is designed to critically examine public administration theory through the lenses of various governance models that have been proposed beginning with Weber's "ideal"; bureaucratic model through Osborne and Gaebler's market model to Fox and Miller's postmodern discourse model. The course begins by examining each governance model's stated or implied assumptions (about man, government, state, etc.) Second, the course considers the political philosophy and conceptual pillars on which the models are theoretically founded. Finally, the course examines the ideas of what constitutes a state as it might be relevant to a particular model and public administration.

PAPP 6316. SEMINAR IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. 3 Hours.

Final course in the public administration field, focuses on review and integration of the theories that explain the structure, growth and change of public administration.

PAPP 6320. ADVANCED ORGANIZATION THEORY. 3 Hours.

The purpose of this advanced seminar is to examine the role of public agencies as organs of the State. It focuses on federal, urban, and nonprofit organizations. Learning objectives include understanding of interpretive, critical, and postmodern critiques of State's institutions; and application of power, knowledge, and gender lenses to the analysis of organizational practices, culture, and policy actions. Prerequisite: PAPP 5320 or PAPP 5323.

PAPP 6326. PUBLIC BUDGETING & FINANCE. 3 Hours.

The primary objective of this seminar is to provide students with the theoretical underpinnings of budgeting and financial management in the public sector. Students will engage in in-depth discussions of public budgeting and financial management topics drawn from economics, decision-making models, urban politics, federalism, and others to be able to have a sound understanding of how fiscal decisions affect public administration and policy.

PAPP 6340. RESEARCH DESIGN. 3 Hours.

Advanced course especially for Ph.D. students; covers logic of research design and problems of structure. Emphasis on empirical and quantitative studies.

PAPP 6342. INTERMEDIATE DATA ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

An intermediate level examination of statistical and research techniques appropriate to urban and social analysis. Presuming a basic understanding of descriptive and inferential statistics, the course covers multivariate regression, including error analysis and non-linear models, path analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), logit and probit models, and techniques for data reduction (e.g., factor analysis). Also offered as PAPP 5342, PLAN 5317, and PLAN 6317; credit will be granted only once. Prerequisite: PAPP 5302.

PAPP 6344. QUALITATIVE METHODS. 3 Hours.

The study of qualitative research and analysis methods. Offered as PAPP 6344 and PLAN 6347; credit will be given only once.

PAPP 6346. ADVANCED DATA ANALYSIS IN URBAN AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 3 Hours.

An introduction to selected advanced techniques related to planning analysis. Subjects include advanced applied regression analysis, multivariate logit analysis, and multinomial logistic regression. Applications of projection techniques, land use and transportation models, and methods of regional analysis. Offered as PLAN 6346 and PAPP 6346. Credit will be given only once.

PAPP 6349. DECISION MAKING AND PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

This course explores the theoretical, practical, and topical connections between public policy and public administration through a decision-making lens. The objectives of the course are to enable students to identify, critique, and connect the theoretical and meta-theoretical assumptions of decision-making models to models of public policy analysis and public administration. Course objectives will be pursued through readings, seminar discussions, and research-based assignments that focus on the intersection between decision-making, public policy, and public administration.

PAPP 6399. DISSERTATION. 3 Hours.

Graded F/R only.

PAPP 6699. DISSERTATION. 6 Hours.

Graded F/R/P/W only.

PAPP 6999. DISSERTATION. 9 Hours.

Graded P/F/R.

PAPP 7399. DOCTORAL DEGREE COMPLETION. 3 Hours.

This course may be taken during the semester in which a student expects to complete all requirements for the doctoral degree and graduate. Enrolling in this course meets minimum enrollment requirements for graduation, for holding fellowships awarded by The Office of Graduate Studies and for full-time GTA or GRA positions. Students should verify that enrollment in this course meets other applicable enrollment requirements. To remain eligible in their final semester of study for grants, loans or other forms of financial aid administered by the Financial Aid Office must enroll in a minimum of 5 hours as required by the Office of Financial Aid. Other funding sources may also require more than 3-hours of enrollment. Additional hours may also be required to meet to requirements set by immigration law or by the policies of the student's degree program. Students should contact the Financial Aid Office, other sources of funding, Office of International Education and/or their graduate advisor to verify enrollment requirements before registering for this course. This course may only be taken twice. Students who do not complete all graduation requirements while enrolled in this course must enroll in a minimum of 6 dissertation hours (6699 or 6999) in their graduation term. Graded P/F/R.

Courses

PLAN 1301. INTRODUCTION TO URBAN LIFE. 3 Hours.

An examination of major urban problems, opportunities, and policy issues including crime, transportation, housing, education, welfare, and the environment with emphasis on racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity issues and alternative future possibilities; and an examination of the major political, social, and economic challenges facing contemporary urban planners and administrators - with emphasis on the interrelations among the national, state, and local governments.

PLAN 3301. THE METROPLEX. 3 Hours.

An in-depth orientation to urban dynamics, using as a case study the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex - with its hundreds of cities, governmental units, neighborhoods, and business enterprises as well as its major concentrations of racial minorities and ethnic groups. Special attention is paid to the changing patterns of growth and demography occurring in the Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area and the impact of these on emerging social, political, and economic issues of this area. Emphasis also placed on career specializations and professional opportunities in the urban context.

PLAN 4305. FOUNDATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABILITY. 3 Hours.

The organization, structure and practice of environmental protection at the federal, state and local levels of government. Course will develop a full understanding of how the goals of protecting human health and the environment are achieved through the implementation of environmental law, policy, practice, enforcement and collaboration among governmental entities, industry, environmental groups and the general public. Wide ranging use of case studies will be made and full engagement in new developments in the era of climate change will be achieved.

PLAN 4310. PLANNING THE AMERICAN CITY. 3 Hours.

Students in this course will develop an understanding of the role of the private and public sectors in the development and management of the American city. It will consider such topics as the organization of city government, demographic, economic, and physical conditions analysis, land use planning, the quality of the urban environment, urban redevelopment, urban design, and regional planning. An off-campus service learning component is a key required element of this course.

PLAN 4320. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES. 3 Hours.

This course explores broad environmental and social issues in sustainable communities. Potential topics include urban water management, food and resources, wildlife conservation, native landscaping, waste management, green building, housing diversity, public transportation, and community participation. The course serves as a laboratory for working with governmental and non-governmental organizations in the DFW area and developing issue-based, action research projects to solve real-world problems in our communities. This hands-on course combines lectures, student-led discussions, site visits, and collaborative teamwork for service-learning projects.

PLAN 4327. GREEN CITIES AND TRANSPORTATION. 3 Hours.

Concepts of green cities and transportation, environmental and transportation challenges, and schools of thought on causes of environmental and transportation problems, with emphasis on planning practices and policies in relation to environmental and transportation issues and roles of planners in shaping urban landscape and infrastructure. Prerequisite: Junior standing. Department consent.

PLAN 4356. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. 3 Hours.

Introduction to GIS and the application of computer graphics systems in the storage, processing, and retrieval of geographic urban and regional information; case examples and related projects and issues of system management.

PLAN 4357. INTERMEDIATE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. 3 Hours.

Applications of GIS to typical urban and regional geographic information problems and projects. Prerequisite: PLAN 4356.

PLAN 4391. INDEPENDENT STUDY. 3 Hours.

Independent study guided by an instructor on a regular basis. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: permission of the instructor.

PLAN 4394. COMMUNITY RESEARCH & APPLICATION. 3 Hours.

Exposes students to research methods typically employed in planning and to their application to a community-based research project.

PLAN 4395. STUDIES IN PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Advanced studies in various subjects of city and regional planning. May be repeated for credit as topic varies. Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor.

PLAN 5160. URBAN MANAGEMENT/PLANNING INTERNSHIP. 1 Hour.

Intended to enhance readiness for professional work through exposure to planning practice in a one semester log internship (100 hrs in the spring or fall semester or 75 hrs in the summer). Integrates work experience and coursework through journaling and reflective practice. Requirements: (1)student secures an internship from a planning related employer and approval from the student's major professor prior to enrolling in the course;(2)the intern must provide performance evaluation by the job supervisor and the intern's evaluation of the internship experience. Enrollment open to students with no previous formal planning experience. Credit not available for previous internship or planning experience. P/F grade.

PLAN 5191. CONFERENCE COURSE. 1 Hour.

Special subjects and issues as arranged by individual students and faculty members. May be repeated for credit.

PLAN 5193. MASTER'S COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION. 1 Hour.

Directed study, consultation and comprehensive examination over coursework leading to thesis substitute for MCRP degree. Required of all thesis substitute students who were admitted to the MCRP program prior to Fall 2009 and who are not enrolled in thesis or other thesis substitute courses during semester in which they plan to graduate. Students beginning the MCRP program in Fall 2009 or after may not choose the Master's Comprehensive Examination as a thesis substitute option and may not enroll in this course.

PLAN 5303. PLANNING HISTORY, THEORY AND ETHICS. 3 Hours.

Various theories of planning including rational comprehensive, communicative action, social learning, and radical planning. Sets theories within their historical contexts, and examines the social and political details of each era to show the development of diverse planning practices and theories of planning. Evaluates the values embodied in different theories and their relationship to practice and social justice, including planning ethics as contained in the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.

PLAN 5304. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION, ZONING, AND REGULATIONS. 3 Hours.

Introduction to plan preparation and implementation. Topics include zoning, subdivision regulations, form-based codes, site planning, strategic planning, and comprehensive planning.

PLAN 5305. LAND USE, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT. 3 Hours.

Assesses land use, management and development and considers new directions. Relates comprehensive planning, environmental management, and land use.

PLAN 5306. URBAN REVITALIZATION. 3 Hours.

Examines various urban revitalization projects from coordinated, large-scale ventures to grassroots and informal neighborhood initiatives. Emphasis on the history, logic, politics, and implementation of these projects as well as their physical, social, and economic outcomes.

PLAN 5307. URBANIZATION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD. 3 Hours.

Explores the social, political and spatial dimensions of urbanization processes in developing countries. Covers urban, social, and cultural movements as well as development, processes of urban-rural migration, and globalization. The course will cover all developing regions of the world with an emphasis on Latin American countries.

PLAN 5308. METROPOLITAN SUSTAINABILITY AND PLAN MAKING. 3 Hours.

Provides the background for sustainability planning at the city and metropolitan levels including plan making (e.g., comprehensive plans, small area plans, functional plans, etc.). Explores the relationship of environmental sustainability to economic vitality and social equity including planning ethics.

PLAN 5309. TRANSPORTATION/LAND USE MODELING AND POLICY ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

Overview of transportation/land use with specific transportation models and simulation methods; topics include economic theory of travel demand, land use models, UTPS framework for travel demand estimation, disaggregated travel demand models and abstract mode models.

PLAN 5310. PLANNING, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE. 3 Hours.

Overview of functional areas of planning (e.g., urban design, housing, transportation, etc.); fundamentals of urban structure and development of cities and regions including environmental, social, economic, and political factors and issues affecting urban settlements; global dimensions of planning.

PLAN 5311. ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN. 3 Hours.

Study of contemporary urban form and environmental design, emphasizing visual-spatial qualities, social needs and economic linkages. Examination of processes, methods and techniques for solving urban design problems.

PLAN 5313. URBAN GROWTH POLICIES. 3 Hours.

Study of the political, societal and physical policies involved in urban growth management.

PLAN 5315. TRANSPORTATION POLICIES, PROGRAMS AND HISTORY. 3 Hours.

Transportation and related programs and policies in relation to city development and housing patterns. Interdependencies of land use, building development, and social change are explained as transportation-related.

PLAN 5316. LAND USE PLANNING AND THE LAW. 3 Hours.

Explores the law of land use in the context of the American legal, economic, and political systems. Examines leading court decisions and precedents for their background, content, and applicability to contemporary land use. Offered as PLAN 5316 and PAPP 5331; credit will be granted only once.

PLAN 5317. INTERMEDIATE DATA ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

An intermediate level examination of statistical and research techniques appropriate to urban and social analysis. Presuming a basic understanding of descriptive and inferential statistics, the course covers multivariate regression, including error analysis and non-linear models, path analysis, Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), logit and probit models, and techniques for data reduction (e.g., factor analysis). Offered as PAPP 5342 and PLAN 5317; credit will be granted only once. Prerequisite: PAPP 5302.

PLAN 5318. TECHNIQUES OF PLANNING ANALYSIS I. 3 Hours.

Introduction to analytical techniques used in urban and regional planning. Topics include: census data and geography and introduction to GIS, demographic analysis, cost-benefit analysis, economic base analysis, gravity models, and displaying and communicating data analysis and results in graphic, written, and oral forms.

PLAN 5322. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND POLICY. 3 Hours.

Introductory seminar in subnational economic development programs in the U.S. Covers basics of location theory, economic planning, budgeting, incentives, public and private revenue sources, analysis methods such as central place and economic base, intergovernmental efforts, redevelopment, high tech, trade and/or tourism.

PLAN 5324. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. 3 Hours.

Focuses on current problems of community development and neighborhood revitalization. Housing, community assets, the roles of community development corporations and social capital in cities, and community economic development will be analyzed. Federal, state, and local policies, with grassroots initiatives evaluated for effectiveness on promoting alternatives for community building and organizing. Also offered as URPA 5313; credit will be granted only once.

PLAN 5327. GREEN CITIES AND TRANSPORTATION. 3 Hours.

Concepts of green cities and transportation, environmental and transportation challenges, and schools of thought on causes of environmental and transportation problems, with emphasis on planning practices and policies in relation to environmental and transportation issues and roles of planners in shaping urban landscape and infrastructure.

PLAN 5328. PUBLIC BUDGETING. 3 Hours.

This course introduces students to the principles and practices used by federal, state, and local governments to acquire and spend revenues within the context of American democracy, capitalism, federalism, and economics. The primary objective of this course is to provide students with the practical skills and theoretical knowledge to enable them to be effective participants in the budgeting process and critical consumers and producers of research relevant to public budgeting. Offered as PLAN 5328 and PAPP 5326. Credit will be granted only once.

PLAN 5329. PUBLIC CAPITAL BUDGETING. 3 Hours.

Examines governmental capital budgeting processes with a focus on understanding the significance of capital improvement planning, public facility investment, and project evaluation to sound infrastructure financing and regional economic growth. Governments purchase or construct long-lasting physical assets or facilities financed mostly through borrowing. This course aims to understand the rationale for public capital budgeting and debt instruments used to finance capital investment in the political context of public budgeting in America. Offered as PAPP 5332 and PLAN 5329; credit will be granted only once.

PLAN 5330. TECHNIQUES OF PLANNING ANALYSIS II. 3 Hours.

Introduction to research methods, both quantitative and qualitative and mixed methods. Relating planning problem identification and definition with appropriate method of data gathering and analysis. Analysis and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data including interview and small group techniques, and basic statistical analysis. Communication of analysis results in graphic, written, and oral forms.

PLAN 5331. GIS WORKSHOP. 3 Hours.

Skills, practical experience, problem-solving methods and techniques in geographic information systems. Capstone course for GIS Certificate Program; substitutes for one Project Planning Course. Prerequisite: PLAN 5357.

PLAN 5332. PROJECT STUDIO. 3 Hours.

Studio course working on applied city and regional planning projects within the Dallas-Fort Worth area or elsewhere. Provides students with practical experience in collaborative teamwork and the application of skills, methods, and techniques in city and regional planning, including citizen participation, problem analysis, mapping, design, presentation, working with clients, and applied planning process. Should be taken in the second half of the student's program of study, with exceptions for those with applied planning experience. May be repeated as topic changes.

PLAN 5333. GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION IN PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Builds skills in the use and application of contemporary graphic techniques that enable planners to visually communicate and display data, design concepts and ideas as solutions to planning problems. Training in the use of various graphic communication and multimedia software, including online web media and print media.

PLAN 5335. PROFESSIONAL WRITING. 3 Hours.

Builds student writing skills in professional communication of ideas and information. Includes review of basic writing skills, grammatical construction, report and memo writing based on current standardized formats; considering the role of audience, writing in a clear, concise and professional style; emphasizes revising writing assignments for effective communication. Also offered as PAPP 5341; credit will be granted for only one.

PLAN 5340. GIS AND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

Acquaints students with theoretical and practical aspects of suitability analysis process or activity allocation on land use/environmental policies. Uses Geographic Information System (GIS) and computer models for overlaying map analysis, buffering, market demand and activity locations, etc. to incorporate environmental and ecological factors into the determination of land development potential including soils, slope, drainage, vegetation, and related factors.

PLAN 5341. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS: LAWS AND PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Federal, state, and local environmental regulations which have effect on the practice of city and regional planning. Specific articles, laws, and directives contrasted and compared to local city design and development controls. Subjects include CERCLA, RCRA, SARA, TSCA, OSH Act, among others.

PLAN 5343. FOUNDATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABILITY. 3 Hours.

The organization, structure and practice of environmental protection at the federal, state and local levels of government. Course will develop a full understanding of how the goals of protecting human health and the environment are achieved through the implementation of environmental law, policy, practice, enforcement and collaboration among governmental entities, industry, environmental groups and the general public. Wide ranging use of case studies will be made and full engagement in new developments in the era of climate change will be achieved.

PLAN 5346. QUALITATIVE METHODS. 3 Hours.

The study of qualitative research and analysis methods. Offered as PLAN 5346 and PAPP 5344; credit will be given only once.

PLAN 5352. ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT POLICY & PRACTICE. 3 Hours.

Review and analysis of the development of the environmental assessment process with focus on expectations of how environmental assessment will be transformed in the era of climate change. Students evaluate the effects of new laws and regulations and the accelerated growth of environmental policy development at all levels of government, especially among urban areas. The course includes review of selected environmental assessment documents and project case studies.

PLAN 5356. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. 3 Hours.

Introduction to GIS and the application of computer graphics systems in the storage, processing, and retrieval of geographic urban and regional information; case examples and related projects and issues of system management.

PLAN 5357. INTERMEDIATE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. 3 Hours.

Applications of GIS to typical urban and regional geographic information problems and projects. Prerequisite: PLAN 5356.

PLAN 5358. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) AND PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Concepts, components, deployments, and implementations of ITS; methods for ITS evaluations; linkage between ITS and traditional transportation planning; and issues related to ITS planning and deployment.

PLAN 5360. COMPUTER METHODS FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Applications of computer software (for example, TransCad, Tranplan) in transportation planning modeling. Theories of residential location choice and travel behavior. Topics may include land-use and travel demand models, trip distribution models, mode choice models, and network equilibrium.

PLAN 5361. PLANNING INTERNSHIP. 3 Hours.

Intended to enhance readiness for professional work through exposure to planning practice in a one semester log internship (300 hrs in the spring or fall semester or 275 hrs in the summer). Integrates work experience and coursework through journaling and reflective practice. Requirements: (1)student secures an internship from a planning related employer and approval from the student's major professor prior to enrolling in the course;(2)the intern must provide performance evaluation by the job supervisor and the intern's evaluation of the internship experience. Enrollment open to students with no previous formal planning experience. Credit not available for previous internship or planning experience. P/F grade.

PLAN 5363. LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN THE PLANNING PROCESS. 3 Hours.

Governance and participation, comprehensive planning and the community planning process, participatory planning, and practical communication skills for planners and administrators: leadership and public meetings, participative decision making, interpersonal communications and conflict management, effective writing and presentations.

PLAN 5370. SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES. 3 Hours.

This course explores broad environmental and social issues in sustainable communities. Potential topics include urban water management, food and resources, wildlife conservation, native landscaping, waste management, green building, housing diversity, public transportation, and community participation. The course serves as a laboratory for working with governmental and non-governmental organizations in the DFW area and developing issue-based, action research projects to solve real-world problems in our communities. This hands-on course combines lectures, student-led discussions, site visits, and collaborative teamwork for service-learning projects.

PLAN 5380. RESEARCH QUESTIONS IN PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Application of research issues, writing, and communication skills in planning. Designed to assist students in preparing their research for master's thesis or professional report.

PLAN 5391. CONFERENCE COURSE. 3 Hours.

Special subjects and issues as arranged by individual students and faculty members. May be repeated for credit.

PLAN 5395. SPECIAL TOPICS IN PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Selected topics in City and Regional Planning. May be repeated for credit.

PLAN 5397. PROFESSIONAL REPORT. 3 Hours.

Preparation of final professional report as a thesis substitute for MCRP degree. Required of all thesis substitute students not enrolled in PLAN 5193. Prerequisite: PLAN 5380.

PLAN 5398. PLANNING THESIS. 3 Hours.

Graded F/R.

PLAN 5695. TOPICS IN PLANNING. 6 Hours.

Studio, lecture or seminar course to explore and present special topics in city and regional planning. May be repeated for credit as topics change. Prerequisite: Permission of Graduate Advisor or Program Director.

PLAN 5698. PLANNING THESIS. 6 Hours.

Graded F/R.

PLAN 5998. PLANNING THESIS. 9 Hours.

Graded P/F/R.

PLAN 6161. TEACHING INTERNSHIP. 1 Hour.

Provides exposure to all aspects of course preparation and delivery including, course and syllabus design, student performance assessment, exam preparation, maintaining class records, and grading. Also, lecture and other forms of delivery of instruction. Interns co-teach with a faculty mentor, who provides feedback.

PLAN 6300. ADVANCED URBAN THEORY. 3 Hours.

Covers key theories of urbanization and socioeconomic relations. Emphasis is placed on the development of paradigms in urban theory, from classic texts to important shifts and debates in the late 20th-early 21st centuries. Considers principal theorists from urban disciplines of planning, geography, economics, sociology, and how they structure their arguments about urban form and social relations. Aimed at doctoral students, as well as advanced master's students, both from urban planning/urban affairs as well as from graduate programs outside School of Urban and Public Affairs.

PLAN 6301. RESEARCH FOUNDATIONS AND Ph.D. WORKSHOP. 3 Hours.

Examines fundamentals of research design for linking research questions to evidence, analysis, and research conclusions in urban planning, public administration, and public policy. Designed to assist doctoral students in preparing their research for dissertation. Opportunities to present work in progress, share ideas, and interact with faculty. Also offered as PAPP 6301; credit will be granted only once. Prerequisite: PLAN 5317 or PAPP 5342, PLAN 5346 or PAPP 5344 and PLAN 6346 or PAPP 6346.

PLAN 6303. PLANNING HISTORY, THEORY AND ETHICS. 3 Hours.

Various theories of planning including rational comprehensive, communicative action, social learning, and radical planning. Sets theories within their historical contexts, and examines the social and political details of each era to show the development of diverse planning practices and theories of planning. Evaluates the values embodied in different theories and their relationship to practice and social justice, including planning ethics.

PLAN 6305. SEMINAR IN URBAN PLANNING PROCESSES. 3 Hours.

Final course in urban planning field. Focus on the various political, economic, and social institutions and theoretical approaches in the planning process, and application of these multidisciplinary perspectives in the analysis of specific planning issues.

PLAN 6307. URBAN GEOGRAPHY. 3 Hours.

Emphasizes real aspects associated with urban physical environments and social, behavioral, and financial processes that shape these environments.

PLAN 6308. METROPOLITAN SUSTAINABILITY AND PLAN MAKING. 3 Hours.

Provides the background for sustainability planning at the city and metropolitan levels including plan making (e.g., comprehensive plans, small area plans, functional plans, etc.). Explores the relationship of environmental sustainability to economic vitality and social equity including planning ethics.

PLAN 6309. TRANSPORTATION/LAND USE MODELING AND POLICY ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

Overview of transportation/land use with specific transportation models and simulation methods; topics include economic theory of travel demand, land use models, UTPS framework for travel demand estimation, disaggregated travel demand models and abstract mode models.

PLAN 6310. PLANNING, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE. 3 Hours.

Planning functional domains from transportation to comprehensive planning and fundamental theories explaining urban structure and development of cities and regions.

PLAN 6311. SPATIAL THEORY AND POLICY: URBAN FORM AND STRUCTURE. 3 Hours.

Examines factors shaping urban form. Includes economic and spatial structures of cities and their implications for planning and policy issues. Outlines location theory, urban growth, density and land price, land use and spatial pattern, multi-centering and sprawl, as well as new traditional and transit oriented developments (NTD & TOD) among others. Broadens understanding of different aspects of cities and urban areas (housing, employment and commercial centers). Reflects on the connections between emergent patterns of growth and evolving transportation network.

PLAN 6317. INTERMEDIATE DATA ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

Intermediate statistical and research techniques appropriate to Ph.D. level urban and social analysis. Presuming a basic understanding of descriptive and inferential statistics, the course covers multivariate regression, including error analysis and non-linear models, path analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), logit and probit models, and techniques for data reduction (e.g., factor analysis). Prerequisite: PAPP 5302.

PLAN 6318. TECHNIQUES OF PLANNING ANALYSIS I. 3 Hours.

Analytical techniques used in urban and regional planning. Topics include: census data and geography, introduction to GIS, demographic analysis, cost-benefit analysis, economic base analysis, gravity models, and displaying and communicating data analysis and results in graphic, written, and oral forms.

PLAN 6321. ELEMENTS OF URBAN DESIGN. 3 Hours.

Study of contemporary urban form and environmental design, emphasizing visual-spatial qualities, social needs and economic linkages. Examination of theories, processes, methods and techniques of urban design.

PLAN 6322. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND POLICY. 3 Hours.

A seminar on subnational economic development programs in the U.S. Covers location theory, economic planning, budgeting, incentives, public and private revenue sources, analysis methods such as central place and economic base, intergovernmental efforts, redevelopment, high tech, trade and/or tourism.

PLAN 6324. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. 3 Hours.

Focuses on current problems of community development and neighborhood revitalization. Housing, community assets, the roles of community development corporations and social capital in cities, and community economic development. Federal, state, and local policies vs. grassroots initiatives evaluated for effectiveness on promoting alternatives for community building and organizing. Ph.D. level critical assessment of the central theories and rationales driving community development.

PLAN 6325. TRANSPORTATION POLICIES, PROGRAMS AND HISTORY. 3 Hours.

Transportation and related programs and policies in relation to city development and housing patterns. Interdependencies of land use, building development, and social change are explained as transportation-related.

PLAN 6327. GREEN CITIES AND TRANSPORTATION. 3 Hours.

Schools of thought on causes of environmental and transportation problems and 'green cities' as potential solution with emphasis on the planning approaches and public policies tackling environmental and transportation issues. Critical assessment of the roles of planners in shaping the urban landscape and infrastructure.

PLAN 6330. TECHNIQUES OF PLANNING ANALYSIS II. 3 Hours.

Quantitative and qualitative and mixed methods research. Relating planning problem identification and definition with appropriate methods of data gathering and analysis. Analysis and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data including interview and small group techniques, and basic statistical analysis. Communication of analysis results in graphic, written, and oral forms.

PLAN 6331. GIS WORKSHOP. 3 Hours.

Application of methods and techniques in geographic information systems to the analysis of spatial urban phenomena and spatial decision-making in regional planning and public policy. Research and project-based planning course. Prerequisite: PLAN 6357.

PLAN 6340. GIS AND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS. 3 Hours.

Presents theoretical and practical aspects of the suitability analysis process. Uses Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis and computer models for incorporating environmental and ecological factors in determining land development potential.

PLAN 6346. ADVANCED DATA ANALYSIS IN URBAN AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. 3 Hours.

An introduction to selected advanced techniques related to planning analysis. Subjects include advanced applied regression analysis, multivariate logit analysis, and multinomial logistic regression. Applications of projection techniques, land use and transportation models, and methods of regional analysis. Offered as PLAN 6346 and PAPP 6346. Credit will be given only once.

PLAN 6347. QUALITATIVE METHODS. 3 Hours.

The study of qualitative research and analysis methods. Offered as PAPP 6344 and PLAN 6347; credit will be given only once.

PLAN 6357. INTERMEDIATE GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. 3 Hours.

GIS applications to typical urban and regional geographic information problems and projects. Prerequisite: PLAN 5356.

PLAN 6358. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (ITS) AND PLANNING. 3 Hours.

Concepts, components, deployments, and implementations of ITS; methods for ITS evaluations; linkage between ITS and traditional transportation planning; and issues related to ITS planning and deployment.

PLAN 6361. TEACHING INTERNSHIP. 3 Hours.

Provides exposure to all aspects of course preparation and delivery including, course and syllabus design, student performance assessment, exam preparation, maintaining class records, and grading. Also, lecture and other forms of delivery of instruction. Interns co-teach with a faculty mentor, who provides feedback.

PLAN 6399. DISSERTATION. 3 Hours.

Graded R/F only.

PLAN 6691. CONFERENCE COURSE. 6 Hours.

Special subjects and issues as arranged by individual students and faculty members. May be repeated for credit.

PLAN 6699. DISSERTATION. 6 Hours.

Graded R/F/P/W only.

PLAN 6999. DISSERTATION. 9 Hours.

Graded P/F/R.

PLAN 7399. DOCTORAL DEGREE COMPLETION. 3 Hours.

This course may be taken during the semester in which a student expects to complete all requirements for the doctoral degree and graduate. Enrolling in this course meets minimum enrollment requirements for graduation, for holding fellowships awarded by The Office of Graduate Studies and for full-time GTA or GRA positions. Students should verify that enrollment in this course meets other applicable enrollment requirements. To remain eligible in their final semester of study for grants, loans or other forms of financial aid administered by the Financial Aid Office must enroll in a minimum of 5 hours as required by the Office of Financial Aid. Other funding sources may also require more than 3-hours of enrollment. Additional hours may also be required to meet to requirements set by immigration law or by the policies of the student's degree program. Students should contact the Financial Aid Office, other sources of funding, Office of International Education and/or their graduate advisor to verify enrollment requirements before registering for this course. This course may only be taken twice. Students who do not complete all graduation requirements while enrolled in this course must enroll in a minimum of 6 dissertation hours (6699 or 6999) in their graduation term. Graded P/F/R.