This course introduces students to the principles and applications of subsurface characterization in the context of both traditional and emerging energy technologies. Topics include the geological, geophysical, and petrophysical methods used to evaluate the subsurface for hydrocarbon exploration and production, hydrogen storage, geothermal energy development, and carbon capture and underground storage (CCUS). Students will examine the physical processes governing fluid flow, heat transfer, and transport in porous and fractured media, while gaining practical insights into site characterization, exploration, and modeling. By integrating concepts from geology, geophysics, and engineering, the course equips students with knowledge and skills to address current energy demands while advancing sustainable solutions for the energy transition. Prerequisite: MATH 1426, and PHYS 1441 or PHYS 1443, or permission of instructor.