Covers the historical evolution of U.S. borders from independence to the present, and of the hybrid societies that have emerged along with them. Examines how borders have changed over time, and the people, commodities, ideas, and cultures, etc. that have crossed or straddled them. Particular attention is given to changing patterns of migration, border enforcement, and cultural hybridization, and the impact these have had on American society and politics. Offered as GEOG 3347 and HIST 3347; credit will be granted only once.