Solar radiation and other forms of renewable energy: wind, tide, biomass and hydropower. Fundamental theory of photovoltaics: crystal structures, band theory, semiconductors, doping, carrier statistics, optical absorption, and p-n junctions. Status of solar cell, including cost, optical design, system engineering, silicon solar cells and thin film solar cells. Prospects of solar cells, regarding low-cost and high-efficiency solar cells. Prerequisite: EE 5340 or EE 5341.